India has an active development program featuring both fast and thermal breeder reactors.
India?s first 40 MWt Fast Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR) attained criticality on 18th October 1985. Thus India becomes the sixth nation having the technology to built and operate a FBTR after US, UK, France, Japan and the former USSR.
India has developed and mastered the technology to produce the plutonium rich U-Pu mixed carbide fuel. This can be used in the Fast Breeder Reactor.
At present the scientists of the Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR), one of the nuclear R&D institutions of India, are engaged in the construction of another FBR - the 500 MWe prototype fast breeder reactor- at Kalpakkam, near Chennai.
India has the capability to use Thorium Cycle based processes to extract nuclear fuel. This is of special significance to the Indian nuclear power generation strategy as India has the world's largest reserves of thorium ? about 360,000 tones ? that can fuel nuclear projects for an estimated 2,500 years. But the hitch is with the expensive nature of the construction of Fast Breeder Reactor in comparison with the Pressurised Heavy Water Reactors (PHWR) in use.
This is one of the main reasons why India looks for the cheaper option - Uranium fuel.