No detailed help for Redirect choices

Here are the Redirect choices in the control panel:
(I am asking with reference to subdomains)

The client will be sent to:
* The exact URL entered above
* A directory below this one
* A permanent redirection for this resource

While I can understand the first option, I don't understand the
second and third one. Can you give an example each of how
they would work and why they may be necessary?

Thanks.
 
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